Installing Native KVM Drivers on a KVM ECS

Scenarios

Prerequisites

• No native KVM drivers are installed on the ECS.
  1. Check whether VirtIO drivers are installed. The command varies depending on the OS.
     • CentOS/EulerOS

       If the root filesystem is mounted by initramfs, run the following command:

       lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img | grep virtio

       If the root filesystem is mounted by initrd, run the following command:

       lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

     • Ubuntu/Debian

       lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-`uname -r` |grep virtio

     • SUSE/openSUSE
       • SUSE 12 SP1/openSUSE 13 or earlier:

         lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

       • SUSE 12 SP1 or later than SUSE 12 SP1/openSUSE 13:

         If the root filesystem is mounted by initramfs, run the following command:

         lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img | grep virtio

         If the root filesystem is mounted by initrd, run the following command:

         lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

     If VirtIO drivers have been installed, skip this section.

     

     If VirtIO drivers have not been installed, install them as instructed in this section.

• The ECS kernel must be later than 2.6.24.
• Disable your antivirus and intrusion detection software. You can enable the software after KVM drivers are installed.
• You have performed operations in Changing Disk Identifiers in the GRUB File to UUID and Changing Disk Identifiers in the fstab File to UUID.

Procedure

CentOS and EulerOS

1. Run the following command to open the /etc/dracut.conf file:

   vi /etc/dracut.conf

2. Press i to enter the editing mode and add VirtIO drivers to add_drivers (the format varies depending on the OS).

   [root@CTU10000xxxxx ~]# vi /etc/dracut.conf 
   # additional kernel modules to the default 
   add_drivers+="add_drivers+="virtio_blkvirtio_blk virtio_scsivirtio_scsi virtio_netvirtio_net virtio_pcivirtio_pci virtio_ring virtio"virtio_ring virtio" 
   ....
   
   

3. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter. The system saves the change and exits the /etc/dracut.conf file.
4. Run the following command to regenerate initrd:

   dracut -f /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64.img

   If the virtual file system is not the default initramfs, run the dracut -f Name of the initramfs or initrd file actually used command. The actual initramfs or initrd file name can be obtained from the grub.cfg file, which can be /boot/grub/grub.cfg, /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, or /boot/grub/grub.conf depending on the OS.

5. If the virtual file system is initramfs, run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img | grep virtio

   If the virtual file system is initrd, run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

   Assume that the virtual file system is initramfs. The following command output will be displayed:

   [root@CTU10000xxxxx home]# lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img | grep virtio 
   -rwxr--r--   1 root     root        23448 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/block/virtio_blk.kovirtio_blk.ko 
   -rwxr--r--   1 root     root        50704 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/virtio_net.kovirtio_net.ko 
   -rwxr--r--   1 root     root        28424 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/virtio_scsi.kovirtio_scsi.ko 
   drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtiovirtio 
   -rwxr--r--   1 root     root        14544 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio.kovirtio.ko 
   -rwxr--r--   1 root     root        21040 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.kovirtio_pci.ko 
   -rwxr--r--   1 root     root        18016 Jul 16 17:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-573.8.1.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.kovirtio_ring.ko
   
   

   Note

   If you add built-in drivers to the initrd or initramfs file, the ECS will not be affected. This makes it easy to modify the drivers. However, you cannot check the drivers by running the lsinitrd command. You can run the following command to check whether the drivers are built-in ones in the kernel:

   cat /boot/config-`uname -r` | grep CONFIG_VIRTIO | grep y

Ubuntu and Debian

1. Run the following command to open the modules file:

   vi /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

2. Press i to enter the editing mode and add VirtIO drivers to the /etc/initramfs-tools/modules file (the format varies depending on the OS).

   [root@CTU10000xxxxx ~]#vi /etc/initramfs-tools/modules 
   ...
   # Examples: 
   # 
   # raid1 
   # sd_mOd 
   virtio_blkvirtio_blk
   virtio_scsivirtio_scsi
   virtio_netvirtio_net
   virtio_pcivirtio_pci
   virtio_ringvirtio_ring
   virtiovirtio
   
   

3. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter. The system saves the change and exits the /etc/initramfs-tools/modules file.
4. Run the following command to regenerate initrd:

   update-initramfs -u

5. Run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-`uname -r` |grep virtio

   [root@ CTU10000xxxxx home]# lsinitramfs /boot/initrd.img-`uname -r` |grep virtio 
   lib/modules/3.5.0-23-generic/kernel/drivers/scsi/virtio_scsi.kovirtio_scsi.ko
   
   

   Note

   If you add built-in drivers to the initrd or initramfs file, the ECS will not be affected. This makes it easy to modify the drivers. However, you cannot check the drivers by running the lsinitrd command. You can run the following command to check whether the drivers are built-in ones in the kernel:

   [root@ CTU10000xxxxx home]## catcat /boot/config-`uname/boot/config-`uname -r`-r` || grepgrep CONFIG_VIRTIOCONFIG_VIRTIO || grepgrep yy
   CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y
   CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=y
   CONFIG_VIRTIO=y
   CONFIG_VIRTIO_RING=y
   CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y
   CONFIG_VIRTIO_MMIO_CMDLINE_DEVICES=y
   
   

SUSE and openSUSE (Earlier than SUSE 12 SP1 or openSUSE 13)

Modify the /etc/sysconfig/kernel file.

1. Run the following command to modify the /etc/sysconfig/kernel file:

   vi /etc/sysconfig/kernel

2. Add VirtIO drivers to INITRD_MODULES="" (the format of drivers depends on the OS).

   SIA10000xxxxx:~ # vi /etc/sysconfig/kernel 
   # (like drivers for scsi-controllers, for lvm or reiserfs)
   #
   INITRD_MODULES="ata_piixINITRD_MODULES="ata_piix ata_genericata_generic virtio_blkvirtio_blk virtio_scsivirtio_scsi virtio_netvirtio_net virtio_pcivirtio_pci virtio_ringvirtio_ring virtio"virtio"
   
   

3. Run the mkinitrd command to generate initrd again.
   Note

   If the virtual file system is not the default initramfs or initrd, run the dracut -f Name of the initramfs or initrd file actually used command. The actual initramfs or initrd file name can be obtained from the menu.lst or grub.cfg file (/boot/grub/menu.lst, /boot/grub/grub.cfg, or /boot/grub2/grub.cfg).

   The following is an example initrd file of SUSE 11 SP4:

   default 0 
   timeout 10 
   gfxmenu (hd0,0)/boot/message 
   title sles11sp4_001_[_VMX_] 
   root (hd0,0) 
   kernel /boot/linux.vmx vga=0x314 splash=silent console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0 net.ifnames=0 NON_PERSISTENT_DEVICE_NAMES=1 showopts 
   initrd /boot/initrd.vmx/boot/initrd.vmx 
   title Failsafe_sles11sp4_001_[_VMX_] 
   root (hd0,0) 
   kernel /boot/linux.vmx vga=0x314 splash=silent ide=nodma apm=off noresume edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max+cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe console=ttyS0,115200n8 console=tty0 net.ifnames=0 NON_PERSISTENT_DEVICE_NAMES=1 showopts 
   initrd /boot/initrd.vmx
   
   

   /boot/initrd.vmx in the initrd line is the initrd file actually used. Run the dracut -f /boot/initrd.vmx command. If the initrd file does not contain the /boot directory, such as /initramfs-xxx, run the dracut -f /boot/initramfs-xxx command.

4. Run the following command to check whether KVM VirtIO drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

   SIA10000xxxxx:~ # lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 19248 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/virtio_scsi.kovirtio_scsi.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 23856 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/block/virtio_blk.kovirtio_blk.ko
   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jul 12 14:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtiovirtio
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 15848 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.kovirtio_ring.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 20008 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.kovirtio_pci.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 12272 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio.kovirtio.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 38208 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/virtio_net.kovirtio_net.ko
   
   

5. Restart the ECS.
6. Run the following command to check whether KVM drivers exist in initrd:

   lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

   SIA10000xxxxx:~ # lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 19248 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/scsi/virtio_scsi.kovirtio_scsi.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 23856 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/block/virtio_blk.kovirtio_blk.ko
   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Jul 12 14:53 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtiovirtio
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 15848 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.kovirtio_ring.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 20008 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.kovirtio_pci.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 12272 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio.kovirtio.ko
   -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 38208 Jun 22 2012 lib/modules/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/virtio_net.kovirtio_net.ko
   
   

   Note

   If you add built-in drivers to the initrd or initramfs file, the ECS will not be affected. This makes it easy to modify the drivers. However, you cannot check the drivers by running the lsinitrd command. You can run the following command to check whether the drivers are built-in ones in the kernel:

   cat /boot/config-`uname -r` | grep CONFIG_VIRTIO | grep y

SUSE and openSUSE (SUSE 12 SP1)

Modify the /etc/dracut.conf file.

1. Run the following command to open the /etc/dracut.conf file:

   vi /etc/dracut.conf

2. Press i to enter the editing mode and add VirtIO drivers to add-drivers (the format varies depending on the OS).

   [root@CTU10000xxxxx ~]# vi /etc/dracut.conf 
   # additional kernel modules to the default
   add_drivers+="ata_piix"ata_piix ata_genericata_generic virtio_blkvirtio_blk virtio_scsivirtio_scsi virtio_netvirtio_net virtio_pcivirtio_pci virtio_ringvirtio_ring virtio"virtio"
   
   

3. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter. The system saves the change and exits the /etc/dracut.conf file.
4. Run the following command to regenerate initrd:

   dracut -f /boot/initramfs-File name

   If the virtual file system is not the default initramfs, run the dracut -f Name of the initramfs or initrd file actually used command. The actual initramfs or initrd file name can be obtained from the grub.cfg file, which can be /boot/grub/grub.cfg, /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, or /boot/grub/grub.conf depending on the OS.

5. If the virtual file system is initramfs, run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img | grep virtio

   If the virtual file system is initrd, run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

SUSE and openSUSE (Later than SUSE 12 SP1 or openSUSE 13)

Take SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2 (x86_64) as an example.

1. Run the following command to open the /etc/dracut.conf file:

   vi /etc/dracut.conf

2. Press i to enter the editing mode and add VirtIO drivers to add_drivers (the format varies depending on the OS).

   [root@CTU10000xxxxx ~]# vi /etc/dracut.conf 
   # additional kernel modules to the default
   add_drivers+="add_drivers+="ata_piixata_piix ata_genericata_generic virtio_blkvirtio_blk virtio_scsivirtio_scsi virtio_netvirtio_net virtio_pcivirtio_pci virtio_ringvirtio_ring virtio"virtio"
   
   

3. Press Esc, enter :wq, and press Enter. The system saves the change and exits the /etc/dracut.conf file.
4. Run the following command to regenerate initrd:

   dracut -f /boot/initramfs-File name

   If the virtual file system is not the default initramfs, run the dracut -f Name of the initramfs or initrd file actually used command. The actual initramfs or initrd file name can be obtained from the grub.cfg file, which can be /boot/grub/grub.cfg, /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, or /boot/grub/grub.conf depending on the OS.

5. If the virtual file system is initramfs, run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initramfs-`uname -r`.img | grep virtio

   If the virtual file system is initrd, run the following command to check whether native KVM drivers have been installed:

   lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio

   Assume that the virtual file system is initrd. The following command output will be displayed:

   sluo-ecs-30dc:~ # lsinitrd /boot/initrd-`uname -r` | grep virtio
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29335 Oct 26 2016 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/block/virtio_blk.kovirtio_blk.ko
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57007 Oct 26 2016 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/net/virtio_net.kovirtio_net.ko
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32415 Oct 26 2016 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/scsi/virtio_scsi.kovirtio_scsi.ko
   drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Sep 28 10:21 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/virtio
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 19623 Oct 26 2016 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio.kovirtio.ko
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38943 Oct 26 2016 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.kovirtio_pci.ko
   -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24431 Oct 26 2016 lib/modules/4.4.21-69-default/kernel/drivers/virtio/virtio_ring.kovirtio_ring.ko
   
   

   Note

   If you add built-in drivers to the initrd or initramfs file, the ECS will not be affected. This makes it easy to modify the drivers. However, you cannot check the drivers by running the lsinitrd command. You can run the following command to check whether the drivers are built-in ones in the kernel:

   cat /boot/config-`uname -r` | grep CONFIG_VIRTIO | grep y

Follow-up Procedure

1. Delete unnecessary key files.

   echo > /$path/$to/$root/.ssh/authorized_keys

   Example: echo > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

   echo > /$path/$to/$none-root/.ssh/authorized_keys

   Example: echo > /home/linux/.ssh/authorized_keys

2. Delete log files from the /var/log directory.

   rm -rf /var/log/*

   Note

   Before deleting log files, back up log directories and log files required by application startup. For example, if the default Nginx log directory /var/log/nginx is deleted, Nginx may fail to be started.

3. Delete historical records.

   echo > /root/.bash_history

   history -c